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asthma

Why Asthma is Worse in Winter? Understanding the Causes and How to Cope

Winter and Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which can make breathing difficult. Many people with asthma experience more symptoms during the winter months. There are several reasons why this may be the case.

One of the main reasons is the increased exposure to indoor allergens such as dust mites and mold. These allergens can thrive in warm, humid environments and are often present in homes during the winter months when the windows are closed and the heating is on. Additionally, cold air can also irritate the airways and trigger asthma symptoms.

Another reason for the worsening of asthma in winter is the increased risk of respiratory infections. The cold weather may lead to more time spent indoors, where people are in closer contact with each other and can more easily spread germs. This can increase the risk of getting a cold or the flu, which can then lead to asthma exacerbations.

Dr. JC Suri is one of the Best Pulmonologists in Delhi and can help you in managing your asthma. He can work with you to develop an asthma action plan and adjust your treatment plan as needed to help you manage your symptoms during the winter months.

It is important to take steps to reduce your exposure to indoor allergens and to take precautions to avoid respiratory infections. This may include cleaning your home regularly to reduce dust and mold, using air filters, and keeping your home well-ventilated.

If you are experiencing worsening of your asthma symptoms during the winter months, consult with Dr. JC Suri, to get the possible treatment. He can help you to understand the factors that may be contributing to your symptoms and work with you to develop a plan to manage them.

Weather changes, particularly changes in temperature and humidity, can have a significant impact. Cold, dry air can cause the airways to constrict, making it more difficult to breathe. This can also make the airways more sensitive to irritants such as dust and pollution, which can trigger asthma symptoms.

On the other hand, hot and humid weather can also aggravate its symptoms. The increased humidity can make it harder for the airways to clear mucus, which can lead to increased coughing and wheezing. Additionally, high temperatures can cause increased air pollution, which can also trigger  symptoms.

Changes in barometric pressure, such as those that occur during storms or cold fronts, can also affect. These changes can cause the airways to constrict, making it more difficult to breathe and triggering  symptoms.

Allergic reactions to pollen and other allergens are also more common during certain seasons

It is important for people with asthma to be aware of how weather changes may affect their symptoms and to take steps to manage them. This may include adjusting medication, avoiding outdoor activities during times when pollen or pollution levels are high, and staying indoors when the weather is cold and dry.

Consulting with a pulmonologist such as Dr. JC Suri can help in better understanding how weather changes may affect your asthma and developing a plan to manage your symptoms.

Don’t Let Winter Weather Trigger Asthma: How to Stay Ahead of Symptoms

Staying ahead of asthma symptoms during the winter can be challenging, but with the right knowledge and strategies, it is possible to manage them effectively.

Here are some tips to help you stay ahead during the winter:

  • Develop an asthma action plan: Work with your healthcare provider to develop an  action plan that includes information on how to recognize symptoms and what to do when they occur.
  • Monitor your symptoms: Keep track of your symptoms, including how often they occur and how severe they are. This information can help you and your healthcare provider identify triggers and make adjustments to your treatment plan as needed.
  • Control indoor allergens: Dust mites and mold can thrive in warm, humid environments can trigger symptoms. Keep your home clean and free of dust, use air filters, and keep the humidity level low.
  • Avoid cold air: Cold air can cause the airways to constrict, making it more difficult to breathe. When going outside, cover your mouth and nose with a scarf or mask to warm the air before it enters your lungs.
  • Exercise indoors: Regular exercise is important for managing symptoms, but it can be difficult to do when it’s cold outside. Try to exercise indoors in a warm, humid environment.
  • Get a flu shot: Respiratory infections, such as the flu, can worsen asthma symptoms. Get a flu shot every year to protect yourself from getting sick.
  • Keep your medication with you: Always carry your asthma medication with you, especially during the winter when symptoms can be more severe.
  • Consult with Dr. JC Suri: If you are experiencing worsening of your asthma symptoms during the winter months, consult with Dr. JC Suri, the best pulmonologist in Delhi. He can help you to understand the factors that may be contributing to your symptoms and work with you to develop a plan to manage them.

By following these tips, you can stay ahead of asthma symptoms during the winter and enjoy a healthy and active life.

 

 

How Cold Weather Affects Your Breathing

It’s Almost Winter. Here’s How Cold Weather Affects Your Breathing

Cold weather can lead to runny noses, and not just because of flu season.

Colder air may feel wonderful after a long summer, especially if you’re exercising outside. But as the temperature drops, breathing might become more stinging.

You might be curious about how breathing in cold weather is affected when you feel the sting of the cold air in your lungs. Most of the time, a slight burn subsides as you become used to the chilly temps.

However, those who have certain respiratory diseases, including asthma, may be more in danger from cold air.

Cold air is dry air

It’s not always the cold that causes problems with cold air. Our lungs look strong enough to withstand temperatures below zero. Ask any athlete who participates in winter training in the north.

The fact that cold air carries significantly less moisture than warm air is the bigger issue. Additionally, if you have respiratory problems, the dry air may make it difficult for you to breathe.

The dry air in your house, heated by a furnace or boiler, can dry out the mucus in your sinuses even when you’re not outside, which makes it simpler for infections to take hold.

That chilly, dry air can irritate the airways and result in respiratory symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath for anyone who has asthma, COPD, or other lung conditions.

Cold air means more mucus

Your body may overcompensate by making more mucus when your mucus dries out in cool, dry weather. Your blood vessels enlarge as a result of the cold air entering your nose, increasing mucus production. Because of this, you frequently have a runny nose when you come inside from the cold.

Again, mucus plays a crucial role in keeping your airways clean, avoiding infections, and maintaining the moisture in your lungs and nasal cavity. Although it is a natural response, it may worsen congestion and other symptoms if you have ongoing breathing issues.

Flu season doesn’t help

Through a seasonal increase in cold and influenza viruses, cold weather can also have an indirect impact on your ability to breathe. Both the typical cold and the flu can produce an increase in mucus production.

This extra mucus can then enter the lungs as phlegm, worsen lower respiratory symptoms, and cause coughing.

More mucus and phlegm can worsen asthma symptoms or other respiratory conditions even among otherwise healthy individuals. According to 75% of people with asthma, cold and flu viruses can exacerbate their symptoms.

These viruses spread more readily in the winter because cold weather keeps us indoors and inhibits some of our normal immune responses (like when it dries out our mucus).

This can make it hard to tell if the symptoms you have are just from breathing cold air or because you’re coming down with something.

Generally speaking, if your symptoms subside when you leave the cold, the chilly air was likely the cause. If not, there might be more going on, in which case it might be time to see a doctor.

Also, keep in mind that you should always tell your doctor if you experience any sudden or inexplicable shortness of breath.

How Cold Weather Affects Your Breathing

How to get relief and stay healthy

Take special care during the colder months if you are prone to breathing issues because of asthma, COPD, or other respiratory disorders. Here are a few tips to help you stay as healthy as possible when the cold air hits your lungs and airways.

1. Breathe through your nose. Your nose warms and moistens cold air more effectively than your mouth, so breathing through your nose may help reduce discomfort from cold air.

2. Put a scarf over your nose and mouth. This creates insulation against the cold air and traps some heat from your breath.

3. Stay hydrated. You become dehydrated more rapidly in dry air, therefore it’s crucial to increase your hydration intake in the winter.

Maintaining hydration will keep your mucus and phlegm moist, improving the insulation of your lungs and nasal passages against the cold.

4. Use a humidifier indoors. When the air inside your home is already bone-dry, it can be difficult to ward off the dry air outside. You can avoid drying out before you even step outside by using an indoor humidifier.

5. Make sure you keep your medicines in stock. If you take quick-relief medications for COPD or asthma, make sure you have them on hand and ready to go before you venture outside in the cold. If you begin to experience symptoms, take your medications as soon as possible.

6. Monitor air quality. In people who have respiratory conditions, air pollution can make their symptoms worse. Keep an eye on the forecast for the quality of the air, and when pollution levels are high, stay inside.

Most of the time, cooler air has no discernible impact on how we breathe. Usually, it just denotes some minor discomfort. But not everyone can say that. You can discover that cold air aggravates your respiratory conditions, such as asthma, COPD, or other one.

Additionally, your health can vary, and certain diseases may increase your vulnerability to respiratory problems. Consult your doctor if you find it more difficult to breathe in the cold and make sure you’re ready to go outside.

sleep apnea test

What Type Of Sleep Apnea Test Is Right For You?

Dr. JC Suri talks about, Complete awareness on what type of Sleep Test is better for you?

A common disorder called sleep apnea makes it such that you shortly stop breathing while you sleep. Long-term, it may have serious health consequences if untreated.

You will probably go through an overnight sleep apnea test that tracks your breathing if your doctor suspects that you may have sleep apnea.

Typically, sleep studies are conducted between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. If you’re a morning or evening person, this time period might not be ideal for you. Instead, a home test can be suggested.

You’ll spend the night in a separate room, equipped in a manner reminiscent of a hotel room with your comfort in mind. Bring your usual nighttime items, such as pajamas.

Sleep Apnea Test is used for?

To identify sleep disorders, a sleep test is used. Typical sleep problems include:

Sleep apnea is a medical disease that causes brief breathing pauses while you’re asleep. Throughout a single night of sleep, you can experience multiple recurring instances of breathing disruptions. As many as 30 episodes can be there per hour.

You may have trouble falling asleep and/or staying asleep all through the night if you have insomnia.

Restless leg syndrome makes your legs feel uncomfortable and causes a strong need to move them when you’re trying to fall asleep.

An illness of the nervous system called narcolepsy. It causes tiredness during the day. Additionally, you can suddenly find yourself napping all day.

Studies on sleep are non-invasive. The donation of a blood sample is not required. But your body will be fitted with a number of wires. This makes it possible for the sleep specialist to keep an eye on your breathing, mental activity, and other vital indications while you’re sleeping.

The more at ease you are, the more accurately the technician can monitor your sleep.

After you nod off, the technician will keep an eye on the following:

  • Your brain waves and eye movements, which reveal your sleep pattern
  • Your blood pressure and heart rate
  • Your breathing, including snoring, breathing pauses, and oxygen levels
  • Your posture and any motions of your limbs
  • For sleep research, there are two formats: whole night and split night.

If you take part in a full-night sleep study, your sleep will be monitored all through the night. If sleep apnea is diagnosed, you might need to return to the lab later to set up a breathing machine.

The first half of the night is utilized to track your sleep during a split-night research. In the event that sleep apnea is identified, the treatment device is set up during the second half of the night.

Pros and cons of in-lab sleep study: 

In-lab sleep tests have advantages and disadvantages. Talk to your doctor about your test and preference.

Pros

Best test currently in use- The most accurate method of diagnosing sleep apnea is an in-lab sleep test.

Possibility of studying two nights in a row- Split-night studies, as opposed to full-night and at-home tests, enable diagnosis and treatment in a single night.

Best test for a particular kind of work- To achieve an accurate diagnosis, people who pose a major risk to themselves or others if they fall asleep at work should take part in an in-lab sleep study. This includes pilots, police officers, and anyone who drive for taxis, buses, or ride-sharing services.

Best choice for those who suffer from various issues or sleep disorders. People with additional medical issues, such as sleep difficulties and heart and lung ailments, are more suited for in-lab monitoring.

Cons

Costlier than an at-home test- Although not all insurance companies cover this test, if you have insurance, your insurer might pay all or part of the expense. Before you may take an in-lab exam, some providers demand the results of an at-home test..

Less accessible. In-lab research necessitates travel to and from a sleep lab. This can take a long time or cost a lot depending on where you reside.

Longer wait times. You could have to wait several weeks or even months to take the test, depending on where you reside and the demand for this kind of test.

Less convenient. It’s more likely that taking an in-lab sleep test will interfere with your everyday activities and obligations or interfere with your work schedule.

Set sleep study hours. Between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., many sleep studies are conducted. An at-home test might be preferable if you have a diverse sleep schedule.

At-home sleep test 

The motions, posture, and sleep cycles that are monitored during an in-lab exam are not monitored during an at-home test.

You can go to bed at your usual time the night of the test. To ensure that you correctly connect the monitoring sensors, pay close attention to the kit’s instructions.

Most in-home sleep apnea monitors are straightforward to set up. Typically, they consist of the following elements:

  • A finger clip that gauges your heart rate and blood oxygen levels.
  • A nasal cannula to gauge airflow and oxygen levels.
  • Sensors that monitor your chest’s rise and fall.
  • An at-home test does not track your movements, position, or sleep cycles the way an in-lab test does.

Your doctor will receive the test findings after you complete it. If therapy is required, they will get in touch with you to discuss the findings and decide on it.

Pros and Cons of a sleep test at home

Sleep tests performed at home offer benefits and drawbacks. You should discuss your preferred test with your doctor.

Pros

More convenient-  Home testing is more practical than laboratory tests. You can continue with your regular bedtime routine, which may give a more accurate indication of how you breathe while you sleep than in-lab testing.

Less costly- The cost of testing taken at home is about lower.

More accessible- For those who reside a great distance from a sleep centre, at-home tests might be a more practical choice. The monitor can even be mailed to you if necessary.

Faster results-  As soon as you receive the portable breathing monitor, you can start the test. Compared to a lab test, this might yield quicker results.

Cons

Less accurate- Test errors are more likely to occur in the absence of a technician. All cases of sleep apnea cannot be reliably detected by at-home tests. If you have a high-risk profession or another medical condition, this could be dangerous.

May lead to an in-lab sleep study-  Regardless of the outcome of your test, your doctor can still advise an in-lab sleep test. Additionally, you might still need to spend the night in the lab to have a treatment device fitted if you are diagnosed with sleep apnea.

Doesn’t test for other sleep problems-  Only breathing, heart rate, and oxygen levels are assessed during at-home examinations. This test is unable to identify narcolepsy or other prevalent sleep disorders.

Test results

The outcomes of your in-lab or at-home sleep apnea test will be interpreted by a physician or sleep specialist.

The Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) is a scale that physicians use to identify sleep apnea. This scale contains a calculation of the number of apneas, or breath pauses, per hour of study-related sleep.

Less than five apneas per hour are typical in those without sleep apnea or with a moderate version of the condition. More than 30 sleep apneas per hour are possible in those with severe sleep apnea.

When determining whether you have sleep apnea, doctors also check your oxygen levels. Although there isn’t a set threshold for sleep apnea, if your blood oxygen levels are lower than normal, it could be an indication.

Your doctor might advise repeating the test if the results are uncertain. Your doctor might suggest an additional test if sleep apnea is not identified but your symptoms persist.

SLEEP TEST

Treatment options

Your level of sleep apnea will determine your course of treatment. Sometimes all that is needed is a change in lifestyle. These may consist of:

  • Losing weight
  • Using a specific pillow for sleep apnea
  • Changing the location of your bed

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-  There are numerous efficient medical sleep apnea therapy alternatives. Among them are: Constant positive airway pressure (CPAP). The CPAP machine is the most widely used and efficient treatment for sleep apnea. With this tool, your airways are inflated with the aid of a little mask.

Oral devices- Your throat may not close when you breathe if you have a dental appliance that moves your lower jaw forward. In cases of mild to moderate sleep apnea, these may be helpful.

Nasal device-  Some people with mild to severe sleep apnea have been demonstrated to benefit from Provent Sleep Apnea Therapy, a tiny bandage-like device. It is positioned right inside the nostrils and exerts pressure to maintain your airways’ openness.

Oxygen delivery-  To raise blood oxygen levels, oxygen may occasionally be provided in addition to a CPAP machine.

Surgery- When conventional therapies fail to work, surgery may be a possibility to change the way your airways are built. There are numerous surgical procedures available to treat sleep apnea.

Vital functions, such as breathing patterns, pulse rate, and oxygen levels, are measured during both in-lab and at-home sleep apnea examinations. Your doctor can diagnose sleep apnea for you using the results of these tests.

The most precise test to identify sleep apnea is a polysomnography (PSG) performed in a lab. The accuracy of tests for sleep apnea done at home is adequate. Additionally, they are more practical and economical.

 

Note: Do not consider JC SURI Blogs as medical advice. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare providers because of something you have read on JC Suri.

You should always speak with your doctor before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your care plan or treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor immediately.

 

SLEEP TEST

Sleep Study (Polysomnogram)

Sleep Apnea Tests and Diagnosis

Sleep Study (Polysomnogram), also termed a sleep study, is a thorough examination performed to diagnose sleep disorders. Your blood oxygen levels, pulse rate, breathing rate, and brain waves are all monitored during a polysomnography test.

A sleep center or a hospital sleep disorder unit may perform polysomnography. In order to accommodate shift workers who generally sleep during the day, polysomnography is occasionally performed during the day.

Your doctor might request that you undergo a polysomnogram, or sleep apnea test if you exhibit sleep apnea symptoms (PSG). This could be carried out at home or in a facility for sleep disorders.

A polysomnogram, often known as a sleep study, is a multi-part examination that electronically transmits and records particular physical activities you engage in while you’re sleeping. An experienced sleep specialist reviews the recordings to determine whether you have sleep apnea or another sort of sleep problem.

If the test reveals sleep apnea, other sleep tests may be required to determine the best course of action.

Polysomnography may be used to start or modify your treatment plan if you’ve already been diagnosed with a sleep problem, in addition to aiding in the diagnosis of sleep disorders.

You might occasionally be able to complete the sleep study at home. Obstructive sleep apnea is the main type of sleep apnea that is diagnosed by a minimum number of sensors used in home sleep testing (OSA).

What to Expect During a Sleep Study (Polysomnogram)

If you should continue taking your drugs or stop them altogether before the test, your doctor will advise you. On the day of the test, avoid caffeine and alcohol because they may affect the results. Bring cozy pajamas, a book or magazine, and, if you have a specific pillow, it.

If you’re undergoing a sleep center lab, you’ll be given a private sleep center or hospital room for the night of your sleep study. There will be a central monitoring station nearby where medical professionals may keep an eye on patients while they are sleeping.

You’ll have access to a private restroom; just let the technicians know when you’ll be using it so they can disconnect the wires that are connecting you to the monitoring system.

You’ll be hooked to equipment that could seem uncomfortable. However, most people have minimal trouble falling asleep.

For home testing, there is also more portable equipment available, particularly for simpler cases or circumstances.

Equipment Frequently Used for a Sleep Study

Surface electrodes will be applied to your face and scalp during a sleep study to transmit recorded electrical signals to the measuring devices. These signals, which are produced by the activity of your muscles and brain, are digitally captured. Your breathing is measured by belts around your chest and abdomen.

Your finger is attached to an oximeter probe that gauges the amount of oxygen in your blood.

Why it’s done

In order to determine if, when, and why your sleep patterns are disrupted, polysomnography tracks the stages and cycles of your sleep.

Home sleep apnea testing equipment comes in a variety of designs and configurations. They often keep track of your heart rate, oxygen saturation, breathing rate, and airflow. One technique additionally includes data on blood vessel tone.

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is the first stage of the typical sleeping process. Your brain waves significantly slow down during this phase, as shown by electroencephalography (EEG).

In contrast to later stages of sleep, your eyes don’t move back and forth rapidly during NREM. After an hour or two of NREM sleep, your brain activity picks up again, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep begins. Most dreaming occurs during REM sleep.

You normally go through multiple sleep cycles a night, cycling between NREM and REM sleep in about 90 minutes. Sleep disorders can disturb this sleep process.

Your doctor may recommend polysomnography if he or she suspects you have:

Sleep apnea or another sleep-related breathing disorder: In this condition, your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

Periodic limb movement disorder: In this sleep disorder, you involuntarily flex and extend your legs while sleeping. This condition is sometimes associated with restless legs syndrome.

Narcolepsy: You experience overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep in this condition.
REM sleep behavior disorder. This sleep disorder involves acting out dreams as you sleep.

Unusual behaviors during sleep: Your doctor may perform this test if you do unusual activities during sleep, such as walking, moving around a lot, or rhythmic movements.

Unexplained chronic insomnia: If you consistently have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, your doctor may recommend polysomnography.

Risks

Polysomnography is a noninvasive, painless test. The most common side effect is a skin irritation caused by the adhesive used to attach test sensors to your skin.

How you prepare

Before polysomnography, you can be instructed to abstain from alcoholic beverages and caffeinated foods during the afternoon and evening. Both caffeine and alcohol can alter your sleep patterns and may exacerbate the signs of some sleep problems.

It is not advised to take a nap in the afternoon before a sleep study. Before your sleep study, you could be requested to take a shower or a bath. However, avoid using any lotions, gels, colognes, or makeup prior to the test because these can prevent the electrodes from working properly.

You can either pick up the equipment at your doctor’s office or have it brought to you for a home sleep apnea test. You’ll receive instructions outlining how to operate the tools.

Do you find yourself waking up tired, or maybe with a headache or dry mouth? Obstructive sleep apnea could be to blame. This happens when your breathing is interrupted during sleep, often for more than ten seconds.

The Facts About At-home Sleep Tests

They monitor breathing, not actual sleep.

A sleep test measures respiratory characteristics rather than the actual sleep in order to assess a patient for sleep apnea. The duration of your light or deep sleep, for example, won’t be measured during the sleep test.

Instead, it will gauge how long it takes you to breathe, how hard you have to work to breathe, and whether your breathing is shallow or deep.

Sleep Study (Polysomnogram)

Your doctor needs to prescribe it:

This isn’t an over-the-counter test. Your primary care physician or a physician at a sleep clinic can order it for you to use at home.

It uses sensors to detect breathing patterns:

One of the sensors has a tiny probe that you wear over your finger to assess oxygen levels. Another mask with tubes will be placed over your ears and placed in your nostrils; it will resemble an oxygen mask.

To measure the rise and fall of your chest and belly while you breathe, additional sensors are attached to them.

It’s a small commitment:

Most at-home sleep tests are used just for one night. It’s also less expensive than a sleep study conducted in a clinic ― anywhere from a third to a fifth of the cost of doing an in-lab study and often covered by insurance.

It’s convenient:

With an at-home study, you’ll be in the comfort of your surroundings, which can mean a more accurate reading of how you sleep.

It doesn’t completely rule out apnea:

Your results will be submitted to your doctor after a sleep technologist has examined them after the test. If your symptoms don’t go away, your doctor can suggest an in-lab experiment.

Home tests can occasionally be wrong because, for example, your sensors might stop working in the middle of the night. In a lab, a doctor is present to keep an eye on you.

You might have other sleep issues:

Breathing issues are not a sign of all sleep disorders. You might not have apnea if your symptoms continue to exist. Movement disorders that cause nocturnal restlessness and narcolepsy, a neurological illness that interferes with the body’s sleep-wake cycles and results in excessive sleepiness, are two more prevalent sleep problems that do not impact the airways.

Together, you and your doctor can determine the cause.

Other Tests for Sleep Apnea

  • EEG (electroencephalogram) to measure and record brain wave activity
  • EMG (electromyogram) to record muscle activity such as face twitches, teeth grinding, and leg movements, and to look for REM stage sleep. During REM sleep, intense dreams often happen as the brain has heightened activity.
  • EOG (electrooculogram) to record eye movements. These movements are important in determining the different sleep stages, particularly REM stage sleep.
  • EKG (electrocardiogram) to record heart rate and rhythm
  • Nasal airflow sensor to record airflow
  • Snore microphone to record snoring activity

After a Sleep Study

In the morning, the technicians take off the sensors attached to your skin, and you go back to your everyday activities.
It takes the sleep specialist some time to review the study’s hundreds of pages of data. They’ll send the results to your doctor. Once your doctor reviews them, you’ll meet to talk about the findings and next steps.

Sleep Study Results

  • The data will include information about your sleep, such as:
  • How long do you spend in each sleep stage
  • How often do you wake up
  • Whether you stop breathing or have trouble breathing
  • Whether you snore
  • Body position
  • Limb movements
  • Unusual brain activity patterns

 

Note: Do not consider JC SURI Blogs as medical advice. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare providers because of something you have read on JC Suri. You should always speak with your doctor before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your care plan or treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor immediately.

 

 

Lung Infection: Types, Symptoms & Treatment

What Is a Lung Infection?

When a virus or bacteria that causes illness damages and inflames the lungs, it is known as a lung infection. This occurs as immune cells surge to the lungs’ airways or lung tissue to battle the infection.

Viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or fungal infections of the lungs are possible. Sometimes, lung infections are brought on by multiple types of microbes. For example, bacterial pneumonia might result from viral bronchitis.

Lung infections can range from minor to serious. Lung infections can affect anyone at any age, but some forms are more prevalent in particular age groups. Lung infections may develop in the tissues that surround the lungs or in various areas of the airways (such as the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli).

Common Lung Infection Symptoms

Any kind of lung infection, no matter what the origin, usually results in a specific set of symptoms. The following are a few of the most typical signs of a lung infection:

Cough: Can be light or severe; can be dry (nonproductive—does not produce mucus) or “wet” (productive).

Mucus production: Mucus can be colorless or have an unpleasant odor, and it can also be transparent, yellow, green, brown, or rust-colored.

Wheezing: Wheezing both during exhalation and occasionally during inhalation. When breathing in, a distinct sound called stridor, which is louder than wheezing, could occur. Infections of the airways above the lungs, such as those of the windpipe, can cause stridor (trachea).

Fever: A temperature that is high, very high, or low grade (less than 100 degrees F).

Rigors (shaking chills) or chills: Rigors (shaking chills) might appear as a fever rises, while sweats (which can be drenching) can occasionally appear as the fever falls.  

Upper respiratory symptoms: Headaches, laryngitis, hoarseness, nasal congestion, and sore throat are frequent, especially with viral infections.

Lung infection symptoms

Other possible symptoms of a lung infection include:

  • Muscle aches (myalgia)
  • Joint aches (arthralgia)
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea

Types of Lung Infections 

Depending on how they impact the lungs and airways, distinct types of lung infections can be identified.

There can be overlap between some organisms that are more likely to cause one sort of lung infection than another. For instance, some viruses can lead to pneumonia and bronchitis.

Bronchitis

An infection of the major airways (bronchi) that connect the trachea to the smaller airways is known as bronchitis.

A viral infection is the most frequent cause of bronchitis. Bacterial infections are to contribute 1% to 10% of cases.

Bronchiolitis

The smaller airways (bronchioles) between the larger bronchi and the tiny alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place, become infected and are known as bronchiolitis.

Children under the age of two frequently develop bronchiolitis, which is also the main reason for newborn hospitalizations in the first year of life. Despite this, most kids who contract it don’t need to be hospitalized.

Children with bronchiolitis may experience recurring wheezing or asthma throughout childhood and even into adulthood after they have recovered.

Common Cold

Children lose 60% to 80% of school, and adults lose 30% to 50% of their workdays due to the common cold.

Children experience six to eight colds on average every year throughout the first six years of life. The average healthy adult has three to four colds a year.

Enterovirus

A group of typical viruses that can cause lung infections are called non-polio enteroviruses. They can cause severe infections in other sections of the body, such as encephalitis, myocarditis, and meningitis, which all cause inflammation of the protective layer around the brain. They also cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (enterovirus A71) (brain infection or inflammation).

Enterovirus-induced lung infections sometimes begin with cold-like symptoms such as a fever, runny nose, body aches, and occasionally a rash.

Croup

Although it can sometimes damage the bronchi, croup mostly affects the structures above the lungs (the larynx and trachea).

Croup is typically brought on by viruses, such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and common cold viruses, but it can also be brought on by a bacterial infection.

A low-grade fever and runny nose are frequent croup symptoms before the distinctive barking cough that worsens at night.

Influenza

The flu, often known as seasonal influenza, is one of the most typical lung infections. When a person coughs, sneezes, or simply chats, droplets that are released from their bodies are able to spread the influenza A and influenza B viruses. The flu is particularly contagious because of this.

Symptoms of the flu include:

  • Fever and chills
  • Sore throat
  • Nasal congestion or a runny nose
  • Body aches
  • Headaches
  • Fatigue
  • A mild cough

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Despite the misconception that whooping cough (pertussis) is a lung infection that can now be avoided with a vaccine, people still contract it.

Although whooping cough can cause mild to severe disease, it primarily affects babies and young children; about 50% of infants with whooping cough under the age of 12 months require hospitalization.

Pneumonia develops in about one-fourth of infants and young children who acquire whooping cough. Encephalitis is a less frequent (0.3%) consequence of whooping cough. 

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a lung infection that is more common in developing regions of the world. It is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacteria tuberculosis.

Pneumonia

The smallest of airways (alveoli), where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs, are affected by pneumonia, a lung infection.

Pneumonia can range from a minor condition that can be treated at home to a serious infection that needs intensive care.

The symptoms of pneumonia include:

  • A feeling of being very unwell (which can come on fast)
  • A cough (though the cough with pneumonia can be similar to one from bronchitis)
  • Phlegm production that is rust-colored or contains blood
  • High fever and chills
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Fast respiratory rate
  • Fast pulse

Some of the most common risk factors for lung infections include:

  • Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
  • Exposure to air pollution or dust at work
  • A history of asthma or allergies
  • Crowded living conditions
  • Winter months in the northern hemisphere
  • Dry mucous membranes
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  • Anatomical differences in the face, head, neck, or airways (e.g., nasal polyps or a deviated septum)
  • Lower socioeconomic status
  • Malnutrition
  • Not being vaccinated (e.g., pneumococcal vaccines in children or the pneumonia shot in eligible adults)

Lung Infection Treatment

The course of treatment for a lung infection relies on the underlying cause, the severity of the patient’s illness, and any other medical conditions.

Antibiotics can be used to treat viral lung infections, but bacterial lung infections must “run their course.” But if they exhibit severe symptoms, persons with lung infections from any source can require medical attention.

For instance, those who have narrowing of the airways as a result of a lung infection (reactive airway disease) may require corticosteroids to treat inflammation as well as inhalers that open the airways.

People who experience low oxygen levels (hypoxia) as a result of a lung infection may require oxygen therapy, and in extreme circumstances, breathing assistance such as assisted breathing or mechanical ventilation may be required.

Here are a few instances of various viral lung infections that could be treated:

If Tamiflu (oseltamivir), a medication for influenza A, is started as soon as possible, it may lessen the severity and duration of the infection.

A monoclonal antibody therapy may be used to treat children with bronchiolitis caused by RSV who are at very high risk.

Different COVID-19 treatments are being tried but we’re still learning about which ones help and which ones do not. If your provider thinks you are at risk for complications, they might want you to take antiviral medications.

The mainstay of treatment for bacterial lung infections is antibiotics. Which bacterium is responsible for the infection will determine which antibiotic is taken.

In some circumstances, a healthcare professional may decide to begin antibiotics while they wait for test results. They may switch the antibiotic once they have identified the bacterium that is causing the infection.

Depending on how ill a person is, they may be able to consume the medication orally (oral antibiotics) or may require an IV to administer it to them.

Furthermore, time is crucial. Antibiotics, for instance, must be started as soon as possible in the case of pneumonia.

Lung Infections Caused by Fungi and Parasites

Fungal lung infections are treated with anti-fungal drugs including Ancobon (flucytosine), Nizoral (ketoconazole), and Diflucan (fluconazole).

Anti-parasitic drugs are used to treat parasitic lung infections. Depending on the parasite that is infecting you, you’ll need to take a particular treatment. 

Complications of Lung Infection

By itself, a lung infection can be a dangerous condition, but it can also trigger other health issues, some of which can also be life-threatening. Acute lung infection problems might occur right once after becoming ill or they can develop over time (chronic).

Acute

Breathing issues are among the worst effects of lung infections. Patients with asthma, for instance, may experience an asthma attack in response to viral lung infections.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) sufferers who have lung infections may experience exacerbations, which may aggravate their illness.

Chronic

When a person recovers from a lung infection, some side symptoms linger. For instance, infants and children who have bronchiolitis are more likely to develop wheezing and asthma later in childhood.

The possibility that viral lung infections could increase a person’s risk of developing COPD is also a cause for concern.

When to Seek Medical Care for a Lung Infection

If you have a lung infection, certain signs and symptoms mean you need medical care by lungs specialist doctor
:

  • High fever (over 100.5 to 101 degrees F)
  • Symptoms that do not start getting better after two weeks (though a cough can sometimes last longer)
  • Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum
  • Shortness of breath (especially at rest)
  • Chest pain (other than a mild ache from coughing)
  • Rapid respiratory rate
  • Fast pulse (a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute) or palpitations
  • Lightheadedness
  • Confusion or falls (in older adults)
  • Poor feeding or lethargy (infants)
  • Signs of dehydration such as thirst, and few wet diapers, and failure to cry tears in infants
  • Nausea and vomiting

 

Note: Do not consider JC SURI Blogs as medical advice. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare providers because of something you have read on JC Suri. You should always speak with your doctor before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your care plan or treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor immediately.

 

 

Cystic fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Cystic Fibrosis: The Facts You Need to Know

The lungs, digestive system, and other body organs are severely harmed by the genetic condition known as cystic fibrosis (CF).

Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that create mucus, sweat, and digestive secretions. These generated fluids are often thin and slippery. The secretions are thick and sticky in CF patients, though, due to a defective gene.

Particularly in the pancreas and lungs, the secretions obstruct the tubes, ducts, and channels instead of lubricating them.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary condition that you acquire from your parents at birth. It affects how your body makes mucus, a liquid that helps your organs and systems function.

When you have CF, your mucus is thick and glue-like rather than the normally thin and smooth consistency. Your body’s ducts and tubes become blocked as a result.

Additionally, it can result in serious lung damage such as fibrosis and cysts (fluid-filled sacs) (scar tissue). CF gained its name in this manner.

Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms

Depending on how severe the condition is, there are different suggestions and symptoms of cystic fibrosis. As time goes on, symptoms can get better or get worse, indeed in the same person.

Some people might not start showing symptoms until they’re teenagers or grown-ups. Adult cases are generally diagnosed with milder ails and are more prone to experience atypical symptoms, similar to intermittent pneumonia, infertility, and pancreatitis flare-ups.

  • The trouble with bowel movements or frequent, slithery stools
  • Gasping or having trouble breathing
  • Frequent lung infections
  • Infertility, especially in men
  • Trouble growing or gaining weight
  • Skin that tastes very salty

Cystic Fibrosis Causes

Cystic fibrosis is brought on by a mutation in the CFTR gene( cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator).

This gene regulates the movement of fluids and salt into and out of your cells. Sticky mucus accumulates in your body if the CFTR gene does not serve as it should.

You must inherit the gene with the mutation from both of your parents to develop CF. Ninety percent of persons who are affected have the F508del mutation in at least one copy.

If you have just one copy, you won’t show any signs of the illness, but you will be a carrier anyway. Therefore, there is a possibility that you will pass it on to your offspring.

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis

Early diagnosis means early treatment and better health later in life. Every state in the U.S. tests newborns for cystic fibrosis using one or more of these three tests:

Blood test- This test checks the levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT). People with CF have higher levels of it in their blood.
DNA test- This looks for mutations in the CFTR gene.
Sweat test- It measures the salt in your sweat. Higher than normal results suggest CF.

Cystic Fibrosis Treatment

There’s no cure for cystic fibrosis, but medications and other therapies can ease symptoms.

Medications- Your doctor may give you drugs to open your airways, thin mucus, prevent infections, and help your body get nutrients from food. These include:

Antibiotics- They can prevent or treat lung infections and help your lungs work better. You might get them as pills, in an inhaler, or a shot.

Anti-inflammatory medicines- These include ibuprofen and corticosteroids.

Bronchodilators-  You’ll get these from an inhaler. They’ll relax and open your airways.

Mucus thinners- They’ll help you get the gunk out of your airways. You’ll get them from an inhaler.

CFTR modulators- These help CFTR work as it should. They can make your lungs work better and help you gain weight.

Combination therapy- The new medication elexacaftor/ivacaftor/tezacaftor (Trikafta) combines three CFTR modulators to target the CFTR protein and make it work efficiently.

Airway clearance techniques- These can help get rid of mucus. You might try:

Chest therapy or percussion- This involves tapping or clapping on your chest or back to clear mucus from your lungs. Someone else does this for you.

Oscillating devices- You inhale into a unique machine that vibrates or oscillates your airways. Mucus is loosened as a result, making coughing easier. An oscillating chest vest is an alternative.

Physical therapy for CF- This involves breathing techniques that force air through thick layers of mucus and against your chest wall. They facilitate clearing obstructed airways and make it simpler to cough up debris. Common exercises consist of:

Autogenic drainage- To accomplish this, you exhale forcefully, or huff. This facilitates the passage of mucus from your smaller to central airways and facilitates its removal.

Active cycle of breathing This controls your breath and relaxes the upper chest and shoulders, which can help clear mucus and prevent airway blockages. You breathe in deeply, hold it, and then huff for different lengths of time.

Cystic Fibrosis Complications

The lungs aren’t the only part of your body CF damages. Cystic fibrosis also affects the following organs:

Pancreas- Your pancreas’ ducts are blocked by the thick mucus brought on by CF. This prevents digestive enzymes, which are proteins that help break down food, from getting to your intestine. Your body thus struggles to obtain the nutrition it requires. Diabetes may develop as a result of this over time.

Liver- Your liver becomes inflamed if the channels used to drain bile get blocked. This may result in cirrhosis, a severe scarring condition.

Small intestine- The lining of the small intestine can deteriorate because high-acid foods from your stomach can be challenging to digest.

Large intestine- The thick fluid in your stomach can make your poop large and harder to pass. This can lead to blockages. In some cases, your intestine may also start to fold in on itself like an accordion, a condition called intussusception.

Bladder- Chronic or long-lasting coughing weakens your bladder muscles. Almost 65% of women with CF have stress incontinence. This means that you leak a little pee when you cough, sneeze, laugh or lift something. Though it’s more common in women, men can have it, too.

Kidneys- Some people with CF get kidney stones. These small, hard globs of minerals can cause nausea, vomiting, and pain. If you don’t treat them, you could get a kidney infection.

Reproductive organs- Both male and female fertility is impacted by excess mucus. Most CF sufferers have issues with the vasa deferentia, which transport sperm. Due to their extremely thick cervical mucus, women with CF may have trouble getting sperm to fertilize eggs.

Other parts of the body- Additionally, osteoporosis and muscle weakness are side effects of CF. Low blood pressure, weariness, a rapid heartbeat, and a general sensation of weakness can also result from it because it throws off the balance of minerals in your blood.

Read more “Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment”

INFLUENZA

Influenza/Flu: Symptoms, Causes and Complications

Influenza in India can be Dangerous

Dr. JC Suri talks about, Complete awareness of Influenza/Flu, Its Symptoms as well as Cure

A viral infection known as influenza/flu affects your respiratory system, including your nose, throat, and lungs.

Although influenza is frequently referred to as the flu, it differs from stomach “flu” viruses that cause vomiting and diarrhea.

The influenza virus, which causes the flu, is a common respiratory ailment that can occasionally spread to the lungs as well as the nose and throat.

Mild to severe illness and occasionally even death might result from it. Getting vaccinated annually is the greatest way to prevent the flu.

Influenza/Flu

Causes of Influenza/flu

Droplets of influenza viruses are released into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. You can either directly inhale the droplets or take up the bacteria from a surface, such as a phone or a computer keyboard, and then transmit it to your eyes, nose, or mouth.

People who have the virus are most likely contagious from a day or so before symptoms emerge to a week or so after they do. Children and those with compromised immune systems may spread germs for a little while longer.

New strains of influenza viruses frequently emerge as a result of ongoing evolution. Your body has already produced antibodies to combat that particular strain of the virus if you’ve previously experienced influenza.

If future influenza viruses are similar to those you’ve encountered before, either by having the disease or by getting vaccinated, those antibodies may prevent infection or lessen its severity. But antibody levels may decline over time.

Also, antibodies against influenza viruses you’ve encountered in the past may not protect you from new influenza strains that can be very different viruses from what you had before.

Influenza/Flu Symptoms

Influenza (flu) can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Flu is different from a cold. Flu usually comes on suddenly. People who have flu often feel some or all of these symptoms:

  • Fever or feeling feverish
  • Cough
  • Tiredness
  • Sore throat
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headaches
  • Fatigue

Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. For most people, the flu resolves on its own. But sometimes, influenza and its complications can be deadly.

People at higher risk of developing flu complications include:

  • Young children under age 5, and especially those under 6 months.
  • Adults older than age 65
  • Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities.
  • Pregnant women and women up to two weeks after giving birth.
  • People with weakened immune systems.
  • Native Americans
  • People who have chronic illnesses, such as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes.
  • People who are very obese, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher.

When to see a doctor

Most people who get the flu can treat themselves at home and often don’t need to see a Lungs doctor.
If you have flu symptoms and are at risk of complications, see your doctor right away. Taking antiviral drugs may reduce the length of your illness and help prevent more serious problems.

If you have emergency signs and symptoms of the flu, get medical care right away. For adults, emergency signs and symptoms can include:

  • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Ongoing dizziness
  • Seizures
  • Worsening of existing medical conditions
  • Severe weakness or muscle pain

5 Risk factors of Influenza

  1. Age: Seasonal influenza tends to target children 6 months to 5 years old, and adults 65 years old or older.
  2. Living or working conditions: People who live or work in facilities with many other residents, such as nursing homes or military barracks, are more likely to develop the flu. People who are staying in the hospital also are at higher risk.
  3. Weakened immune system: Cancer treatments, anti-rejection drugs, long-term use of steroids, organ transplants, blood cancer, or HIV/AIDS can weaken the immune system. This can make it easier to catch the flu and may also increase the risk of developing complications.
  4. Chronic illnesses: Chronic conditions, including lung diseases such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, nervous system diseases, metabolic disorders, airway abnormality, and kidney, liver, or blood disease, may increase the risk of influenza complications.
  5. Obesity: People with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or more have an increased risk of flu complications.

Complications

What are the complication that can occur, if you are suffering with influenza flu?

If you’re young and healthy, the flu usually isn’t serious. Although you may feel miserable while you have it, the flu usually goes away in a week or two with no lasting effects. But children and adults at high risk may develop complications that may include:

  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchitis
  • Asthma flare-ups
  • Heart problems
  • Ear infections
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Prevention

The National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) recommends annual flu vaccination for everyone age 6 months or older. The flu vaccine can reduce your risk of the flu and its severity and lower the risk of having serious illness from the flu and needing to stay in the hospital.

Note: Do not consider JC SURI Blogs as medical advice. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare providers because of something you have read on JC Suri. You should always speak with your doctor before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your care plan or treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor immediately.

MONSOON diseases and prevention

MONSOON ILLNESS AND PREVENTION

Be cautious this monsoon

The monsoon has begun. We frequently forget some of the dangers involved with this great season, dangers that can create a wide range of health issues for us and our loved ones, as we celebrate by splashing and leaping into puddles.
The danger of illness is greater during the monsoon than during any other time of year because the high air moisture content is favorable for the growth of bacteria and viruses. Let’s examine the dangers we face throughout this season and how we can be safe.

Monsoon diseases have 3 mediums of transmission:

Water:

Rainwater is the purest form of water but due to pollutants, it picks up from the atmosphere, and the unhygienic methods used to store and distribute it makes it unsuitable. Therefore, exposure to such water places us at the risk of contracting diseases like:
⦁ Typhoid
⦁ Jaundice
⦁ Hepatitis A
⦁ Cholera

Air:

The majority of contagious diseases are spread through the air. Overly damp air during the monsoons may promote bacterial and fungal growth, leading to a variety of skin and hair problems. Infections that can be spread through microscopic germs through the air during the monsoon include:
⦁ Common Cold
⦁ Influenza

Mosquito:

The monsoon season brings heavy rains that can cause stagnant water to build up and serve as the ideal mosquito breeding environment. In consequence, this promotes the spread of illnesses like:
⦁ Dengue
⦁ Malaria
⦁ Chikungunya

MONSOON diseases and prevention

Common diseases and prevention-

Influenza (Cold and Flu):

The common cold is one of the most commonly occurring health sicknesses during the monsoon season in India. It is a highly contagious disease due to the spread of the virus in the air which infects the upper respiratory tract and thus affects the nose and the throat.

Symptoms involve

Runny or stuffy nose, body ache, throat irritation, soreness, and fever. It is always advisable to consult a physician and get the required
The best way to prevent the common cold is to have a healthy, balanced, and nutritious diet regular which will develop the immune system of the body and improves the body’s resistance.

Cholera:

“Cholera” is another caused by bacteria that are most prevalent and devastating during the monsoon. This illness is brought on by tainted food, water, and unsanitary living circumstances. Severe diarrhea with watery stools, or “rice-water stools,” and vomiting, which results in an instant loss of fluids and muscle cramping, are common cholera symptoms. Diarrhea that is this bad can quickly cause electrolyte imbalance and serious dehydration.

Typhoid:

Another waterborne bacterial infection called “typhoid” is brought on by the Salmonella bacteria. Typhoid causes gut ulcers, which induce fever. This illness is brought on by eating or drinking food or water that has been tainted with an infected person’s feces. The Widal test and any stool, bone marrow, or blood cultures are used to diagnose patients.
Yes, it would be sensible to avoid the most terrifying rainy season infections by avoiding horrifyingly unclean roadside cafes.
Long-lasting high fever, excruciating abdominal pain, and headaches are all signs of the illness. Vomiting is also a frequent symptom. The worst aspect is that, even after a patient is cured, the disease’s infection may still be present in the gall bladder.
Preventive measures include providing clean drinking water, better sanitation, and better hand washing.
Highly infectious & communicable disease that spreads through contaminated food and water during the monsoon season. Poor hygiene and sanitation is the main cause of Typhoid Fever. Common symptoms are fever, headache, sore throat & abdominal pain.

Hepatitis A:

The hepatitis A virus, which causes hepatitis A, is a highly contagious liver ailment. It is a waterborne viral infection that is typically brought on by eating or drinking food that has been infected by the virus, which can also be transferred by flies. Consuming produce or other foods that have been contaminated during handling can transmit an infection. The virus-induced liver inflammation that is a direct result of this disease is a symptom.
Symptoms include jaundice (yellow eyes and skin, dark urine), stomach pain, loss of appetite, Nausea, Fever, Diarrhoea, and Fatigue.
Blood tests are used to detect the presence of hepatitis A in your body.
Practicing good hygiene, including washing hands frequently, is one of the best ways to protect against hepatitis A

Dengue:

Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. It is spread by what’s known as the tiger mosquito (Aedes Aegypti), which has black and white stripes and typically bites early in the morning or at dawn. Dengue goes by other names, including “break-bone fever.
Symptoms of dengue fever include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash.
A complication of dengue fever is called Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). It is a specific syndrome that tends to affect children under 10 years of age. This complication of dengue causes abdominal pain, hemorrhage (bleeding), and circulatory collapse (shock).
There are no specific antibiotics or antiviral medications to treat it. For typical dengue, the treatment is concerned with the relief of the symptoms and signs.
It is a mosquito-borne disease; symptoms include high-grade fever, rash & headache. The control measure of Dengue Fever requires the elimination of mosquito breeding places. The tests which can be done are CBC, Dengue NS1 Antigen, and Dengue IgM.

Preventive measures

-As it’s transmitted via mosquitoes, one should wear a strong insect repellent containing DEET to prevent getting bitten.
-People should also wear full sleeve clothing when out during the day.
– It is important to remember that the dengue mosquito usually bites only in the daytime and breeds in clean, fresh water. So any water accumulation should be avoided.

Malaria:

Malaria is one of the most prevalent illnesses linked to the monsoon and is brought on by certain mosquito species that breed in contaminated water. During the rainy season, there is an issue with waterlogging, which creates ideal conditions for mosquito breeding. The female Anopheles mosquito is the carrier of this disease. Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum, the most dangerous type of malaria known as cerebral malaria. Other forms of malaria are P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malaria
Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood using blood films, or with antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests.
It is characterized by fever, body ache, chills, and sweating. If untreated, it can lead to complications like jaundice, severe anemia, or even liver and kidney failure. Malaria is treated with antimalarial medications successfully.
Maximum cases of Malarial Fever are seen in monsoons. Mosquitoes are responsible for transmission. Rain provides opportunities for the breeding of mosquitoes in water-logged areas. Symptoms range from mild to severe, like fever with chills, headache, jaundice, severe exhaustion, and fluctuating state of consciousness. The tests which can be done are Malarial Parasite (MP) Smear and Malarial Parasite (MP) Antigen.

Preventive measures –
⦁ Take an antimalarial drug as a precautionary measure in mosquito-prone areas.
⦁ Also, take measures to prevent mosquito bites such as wearing full sleeve clothing.
⦁ Application of anti-repellent mosquito creams and Electronic mosquito repellent devices can be used during the monsoon season to avoid mosquitoes at home.
⦁ Accumulation of dirty water must be kept in check to prevent malaria mosquito breeding.
⦁ Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are highly effective in preventing malaria in your neighborhood and can reduce the breeding of mosquitos also.

 

Viral fever:

Viral refers to any fever brought on by a virus. A viral fever frequently brought on by a sudden change in weather is marked by exhaustion, chills, body pains, and fever. Contagious droplets in the air or direct touch with contaminated secretions are the two main ways the sickness spreads. A viral fever typically lasts 3 to 7 days, with the first three days being the most severe throughout that time.
In general, antihistamines, decongestants, and antipyretic medications are advised for the treatment of side effects and symptoms using over-the-counter medications in conjunction with a doctor. In most cases, viral illnesses are self-limiting and don’t require antibiotics unless secondary infection occurs.

Some Preventive measures –

⦁ One must ensure that they do not get wet in the rain or stay in wet clothes for a long period
⦁ Wash their hands often,
⦁ Boost their immunity by eating Vitamin C-rich foods and green leafy vegetables. They must also keep a distance from an infected person.

Gastroenteritis:

During the monsoon season, gastroenteritis and food poisoning are quite prevalent, and excessive humidity encourages the growth of pathogenic germs. In general, gastroenteritis symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. As the sickness progresses, a fever may appear, and one may experience malaise and weakness.
A bland diet of rice, curds, and fruits like bananas and apples is advised in addition to maintaining constant hydration. Coconut water or rice kanji water are also effective hydration remedies. ORS is typically advised.

Preventive measures:
⦁ Try and avoid eating raw food like salads because it is difficult to ascertain whether they have been washed, cleaned, and stored at the right temperature
⦁ Avoid roadside food which may be made in contaminated water and trigger diarrhea.

Prevention is better than cure:

Some measures to ensure that monsoons become an enjoyable experience without hampering health.
⦁ One must drink only clean water and use boiled water or water purifiers.
⦁ One should change their hand towels after a day’s use.
⦁ One should cover their mouth and nose with a handkerchief while coughing or sneezing.
⦁ Use mosquito repellents and nets (dengue-transmitting mosquitoes usually bite during the daytime; either early morning or late evening).
⦁ One should keep their wet and soggy clothes or shoes away from dry garments.
⦁ Avoid eating out and consume as much fresh food as possible.
⦁ Drink warm water every two hours and carry home-boiled water while traveling.
⦁ Avoid visiting crowded places such as theatres or exhibitions.
⦁ Use hand sanitizers while traveling.
⦁ Cover your nose while traveling on a bike/while seated next to the window in a bus or train.
⦁ Avoid getting wet in the rain.
⦁ To keep in mind: Avoid self-medication

So, here are some things you can do to stay safe in the monsoon:

Because of the unsanitary environment and lack of adherence to fundamental preventive measures, there is a very significant risk of contracting numerous diseases throughout the monsoon season. Many of these monsoon illnesses go undetected until they develop unfavorable side effects. Because of this, early disease detection and treatment during the rainy season might mean the difference between life and death. You should be aware of the following frequent illnesses that are very common during this time of year. It is also advisable to be aware of the steps that you and your family can take to prevent these infections.

⦁ Keep yourself hydrated at all times – ensure you drink only boiled water, and avoid drinking anything outside
⦁ Follow a strict personal hygiene routine at all times to avoid fungal infections
⦁ Wear full-sleeved and light clothes to protect your skin.
⦁ Eat a balanced diet and keep your immune system strong.
⦁ Consume freshly-washed, boiled vegetables, reduce your intake of fats, oils, and sodium, and avoid dairy products as they can contain microorganisms that are harmful to your health.

 

what is Pulmonary embolism

WHAT IS PULMONARY EMBOLISM?

What is pulmonary embolism?

A pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. Pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that migrate to the lungs from deep veins in the legs or, in rare cases, veins in other sections of the body (deep vein thrombosis).
Because the clots impede blood flow to the lungs, pulmonary embolism is life-threatening. On the other hand, prompt treatment dramatically reduces the risk of death. You can avoid pulmonary embolism by taking care to avoid blood clots in your legs.

 what is Pulmonary embolism

SYMPTOMS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Depending on how much of your lung is affected, the size of the clots, and if you have underlying lung or heart problems, pulmonary embolism symptoms can vary greatly.

The following are some of the most common indications and symptoms:

 

  • Breathing problems- This ailment usually occurs out of nowhere and worsens with exertion.
  • Chest Pain- You may feel as if you’re experiencing a heart attack. When you take a deep breath, the pain is typically severe and intense, preventing you from taking a deep breath. When you cough, bend, or squat, you can also feel it.
  • Cough- Sputum may be bloody or blood-streaked as a result of the cough.
  • Excessive sweating
  • Fever
  • Dizziness
  • Irregular heartbeats

 

 what is Pulmonary embolism

CAUSES OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Pulmonary embolism occurs when a clump of material, most commonly a blood clot, becomes lodged in an artery in your lungs. DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is a condition in which blood clots form in the legs’ deep veins (DVT).

Pulmonary embolism frequently involves several clots. Each clogged artery robs parts of the lung of oxygen and nutrients, leading them to die. The medical name for this is pulmonary infarction. As a result, your lungs will have a harder time giving oxygen to the rest of your body.

Blood artery blockages can be caused by a variety of factors other than blood clots, including:

  • Fat from a shattered long bone’s marrow
  • A section of a tumor
  • Bubbles of air

RISK FACTOR

 

  • Smoking– Tobacco smoking predisposes some persons to blood clot formation for unknown reasons.
  • Being overweight is a problem- Blood clots are more likely in people who are overweight.
  • Pregnancy- Blood flow from the legs can be slowed by the weight of the baby pressing on veins in the pelvic. When blood slows or pools, clots are more likely to form.

TREATMENTS

 

  • Heart disease- Clot development is more prevalent in those with cardiovascular illness, particularly heart failure.
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)- People who have severe symptoms of COVID-19 have an increased risk of pulmonary embolism.
  • Cancer- Tumors of the brain, ovary, pancreas, colon, stomach, lung, and kidney, as well as cancers that have spread, can increase the risk of blood clots, which is exacerbated by chemotherapy. Women who take tamoxifen or raloxifene and have a personal or family history of breast cancer are at an increased risk of blood clots.
  • Surgery- One of the most common causes of blood clots is surgery. As a result, anticoagulant medicine may be prescribed before and after major surgery, such as joint replacement.

 

PREVENTION

 

Preventing clots in the deep veins in your legs (deep vein thrombosis) will help prevent pulmonary embolism. For this reason, most hospitals are aggressive about taking measures to prevent blood clots, including:

  • Blood thinners (anticoagulants)- People at risk of clotting, as well as people admitted to the hospital with medical illnesses like heart attack, stroke, or cancer complications, are frequently given these drugs before and after an operation.
  • Compression stockings-  Compression stockings apply constant pressure to your legs, assisting your veins and leg muscles in moving blood more efficiently. They provide a safe, easy, and low-cost method of preventing blood stagnation during and after general surgery.
  • Leg elevation- Elevating your legs as much as possible, especially at night, might be very beneficial. Blocks or books can be used to raise the bottom of your bed 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm).
  • Physical activity- Moving as soon as possible after surgery will help you avoid a pulmonary embolism and speed up your recovery. This is one of the key reasons your nurse may encourage you to get up and move even though you are in pain at the surgical incision site.
  • Pneumatic compression- This therapy uses thigh-high or calf-high cuffs that inflate and deflate automatically every few minutes to massage and constrict your legs’ veins and enhance blood flow.

 

Chest hurt in the summer

How can hot weather affect my heart?

Chest hurt in the summer: Hot weather means your body has to work harder to keep your core temperature at a normal level, and this puts extra strain on your heart, lungs, and kidneys. This means you may be at higher risk if you have heart disease.

That’s why staying cool and hydrated is especially important.

These risks are higher than normal during the current COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak as the virus also affects the heart, lungs, kidneys, and kidneys. If you’re spending more time at home than usual, it can also mean that it’s hard to stay calm.

If you are currently infected with COVID-19 and have a fever, staying cool can be especially difficult. If you are recovering at home after becoming seriously ill from COVID-19, you may have some organ damage, which means you will be at greater risk from the harmful effects of heat.

If any of these apply to you or a loved one, it is especially important to stay cool and hydrated.

Drinking plenty of fluids will help compensate for the fact that you are sweating more than usual and your blood pressure will stop dropping too high.

Related:

Shortness of Breath during Weather Changes

Chest hurt in the summer

What can I do to stay cool?

There are a few simple things you can do to keep cool in hot weather:

  • Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water or other drinks. Water is best but milk, sports drinks, diluted squash, fruit juice, tea, and coffee are all that matter (though it’s best to drink no more than three to five cups of tea or coffee a day or switch to decaffeinated versions). . For example, if you have been told to restrict your fluid intake because you have heart failure, for example, you should talk to your doctor. Read more about dealing with hot weather when you have fluid restrictions.
  • Avoid drinking too many alcoholic beverages. They can make you more dehydrated.
  • Enjoy cold foods, such as salads and fruits, which are high in water and are good sources of vitamins and minerals.
  • Try to keep your house cool when you are indoors. If you have shutters, cover windows exposed to direct sunlight, or cover them if you don’t have blinds or curtains. If it’s cooler outside than your house, open the windows. Turn off any lights or electrical appliances you don’t need, as they can heat up your home.
  • Spend time in the coldest part of your home, especially for sleeping.
  • Wear light, loose-fitting clothing.
  • Stay out of the sun during the hottest part of the day between 11 am and 3 pm.
  • It can be cooler to go outside, especially if you can spend time in the shade. Apply sunscreen, wear a hat and carry some water with you.
  • Avoid excessive physical exercise.

Chest hurt in the summer

What if I’m feeling sick in the heat?

Chest hurt in the summer: Some symptoms of heat-related illnesses, such as high temperature, headache, loss of appetite, dizziness, or shortness of breath, can be similar to the symptoms of COVID-19. If in doubt, get a covid test done and also take measures to calm down. If you are currently infected with COVID-19 and have a fever, staying cool can be especially difficult. The virus can also affect the heart, lungs, and kidneys, so if you are or have been seriously ill with COVID-19, you may be at greater risk from the harmful effects of heat.

Here are four quick ways to feel better if you’re feeling sick in the heat. They should make you feel better in less than 30 minutes:

  • Go to a cool place
  • Lie down and raise your legs slightly
  • drink plenty of water
  • Cooldown your skin – Spray or sponge with cool water and fan yourself. If that’s an option for you, ask someone else to do it. Cold packs or ice packs around the armpits or neck are also good.

Hot weather and heart conditions ( Chest hurt in the summer )

Angina

You should take extra care in hot weather if you use GTN spray to control your angina. GTN Spray can rapidly dilate your blood vessels, causing your blood pressure to drop suddenly and you may faint.

Heart failure

It is especially important to stay calm when you have heart failure – where your heart is not pumping blood around your body as it should. If you’ve been told to restrict your fluid intake, talk to your doctor about other ways to keep cool during the summer. Tell your doctor if you take water pills and feel dizzy or lightheaded. Your medication may be reviewed or adapted as needed.

Heatstroke

Losing too much body fluid can raise your internal body temperature, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Symptoms of heatstroke include sweating, cold, clammy skin, dizziness, fainting, muscle cramps, heat rash, swollen ankles (swelling), shallow or rapid breathing, nausea, and vomiting.

If you suspect that you or someone else has had heatstroke, seek medical attention immediately.

Who is most at risk?

  • Elderly people and very young children have more difficulty controlling their temperature and therefore may be more at risk from extreme temperatures.
  • Older people, especially if they are over 75, without much social interaction, or living on their own in a care home.
  • People with long-term health conditions, including heart or circulatory conditions, lung conditions, kidney problems, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease.
  • People who have difficulty escaping the heat or adapting to their behavior, such as those who are bed-bound, have disabilities, have dementia, or who work outside.

Research shows that most people do not see themselves as at risk from hot weather, even when they are. In hot weather, check with your friends and relatives regularly to make sure they are cool and comfortable.